Thanks for the question. While substrate material is an essential factor when considering any adhesive bond, there may be other factors that will help decide which solution is the best for a specific application. Neoprene or nitrile liquid adhesives are a good starting point for a general purpose rubber-to-aluminum bond. I would suggest either 3M™ Neoprene Contact Adhesive 5 or 3M™ Nitrile High Performance Plastic Adhesive 1099 for initial evaluation.
Other factors that could influence your decision include: size of the parts, the magnitude and direction of expected stresses, environmental conditions, and process considerations. Depending on the specifics, you could also look at: two-part structural adhesives (3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy Adhesive 2216), cyanoacrylates (3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Plastic & Rubber Instant Adhesive PR100 – possibly with a primer), or an adhesive transfer tape (3M™ Adhesive Transfer Tape 950).
Please comment below if you’d like to share additional details that could help refine your options.